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ITO
Indium Tin Oxide is manufactured using an patented Physical Vapor Synthesis process. In this process, indium tin alloy is vaporized. This vapor is rapidly cooled in the presence of oxygen, causing nucleation and condensation of crystalline indium tin oxide particles. The particles are non-porous and their surfaces are free of residual chemical contaminants. During the process, the particles form weak agglomerates up to tens of microns in size. These agglomerates can be reduced with suitable dispersion techniques, providing atypical particle size distribution ranging from a few nanometers to a few hundred nanometers.

KIA scientists are knowledgeable and experienced in the application of nanocrystalline powders and dispersions in a wide variety of fields. They are available to work in close cooperation with customers to optimize the performance of KIA products in commercial applications. KIA welcomes inquiries regarding new nanocrystalline compositions, as well as customized surface areas, particles size distributions, overall purity levels, specific impurity limits, surface treatments/coatings, and dispersions.


TEM showing Indium Tin Oxide typical particle distribution.


TEM showing ITO typical particle morphology.

Chemical Formula
Typical Average Particle Size
Specific Surface Area (BET)
Purity
Color

Bulk Density
True Density
Refractive Index (@ 500nm)
In2O2/Sno2
14nm
40 - 80m2/g
99.5 +% 
Yellow-Green
to Blue-Green
0.20 grams/cm
3
7.1 grams/cm3
2.0
 

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